Granulysin.html



Granulysin is a substance released by cytotoxic T cells (CD8) when they are attached to infected body cells. It functions to create holes in the microbe and destroy it. Granulysin is able to induce apoptosis in target cells and also has antimicrobial action ^[1].

References

1. ^ Immunobiology 6th edition, Charles Janeway.Garland Science Publication.
2. Krista Conger. Grant to fund research into preventing bioterrorism, Stanford Report, November 12, 2003.
3. Entrez Pubmed 9756476

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Granulysin is a human cytolytic and proinflammatory molecule first identified by subtractive hybridization in a search for genes expressed by human cytolytic T lymphocytes "late" (3-5 days) after T cell activation. Granulysin is expressed in cytolytic granules with perforin, a pore forming protein, and granzymes, serine esterases, also involved in cytolysis. Granulysin is broadly antimicrobial, killing causative microbes for tuberculosis and malaria, as well as human tumors. A series of peptides have been generated from granulysin sequences that are potential antibiotics.

References: Pena SV, Hanson DA, Carr BA, Goralski TJ, Krensky AM: Processing, subcellular localization, and function of 519 (granulysin), a human late T cell activation molecule with homology to small lytic granule proteins. J. Immunol. 1997; 158:2680-2688.

Stenger S, Hanson DA, Teitlebaum R, Dewan P, Niazi KR, Froelich CJ, Ganz T, Thoma-Uszynski S, Melian A, Bogdan C, Porcelli SA, Bloom BR, Krensky AM, Modlin RL: An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin. Science 1998; 282: 121-125.

Krensky AM, Clayberger C: Granulysin: A novel host defense molecule. Am. J. Transplant. 2005; 5: 1789-1792.

daSilva AP, Unks D, Lyu SC, Ma J, Zbozien-Pacamaj R, Chen X, Krensky AM, Clayberger C: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of granulysin derived peptides against Vibrio cholera. J. Antimicrob. Chemother 2008; 61: 1103-9.