1815.html



Year 1815 (MDCCCXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1815

January - March

January 8: The Battle of New Orleans.

• January 2 - Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, County Durham.
• January 3 - Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.
• January 8 - War of 1812 - Battle of New Orleans: American forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat an invading British force.
• February - The Hartford Convention arrives in Washington DC.
• February 3 - The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland.
• February 4 - The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps, Vindicat atque Polit is founded in the Netherlands. The first rector of the senate was B.J. Winters.
• February 6 - New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to a John Stevens.
• February 26 - Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
• March 1 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• March 15 - Joachim Murat, King of Naples declares war on Austria in an attempt to save his throne, starting the Neapolitan War.
• March 16 - Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands.
• March 20 - Napoleon enters Paris after escaping from Elba with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000 beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.

April - June

April 5-12: Mount Tambora explodes, changing climate.

Congress Vienna, Jean Godefroy - Jean-Baptiste Isabey

• April 5-April 12 - Mount Tambora in the Dutch East Indies blows its top during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000. The event is the cause of 1816 becoming known as the Year Without a Summer.
• April 23- The Second Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule takes place in Takovo, Serbia. By the end of the year Serbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state; the ideals of the First Serbian Uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.
• May 3 - Battle of Tolentino: Austria defeats the Kingdom of Naples, which quickly ends the Neapolitan War. Joachim Murat, the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee to Corsica and is later executed.
• May 30 - The Arniston, an East Indiaman repatriating wounded troops to England from Ceylon, is wrecked near Waenhuiskrans, South Africa with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.
• June 9 - Congress of Vienna: A new European political situation is set.
• June 16 - Battle of Ligny: Napoleon beats the Prussians.
• June 16 - Battle of Quatre Bras: Marshal Ney gets a marginal win against the British and Allies.
• June 18 - Battle of Waterloo: The Duke of Wellington decisively defeats Napoleon, ending the Napoleonic wars.
• June 22 - Napoleon abdicates again; Napoleon II (1811-32), age 4, rules for two weeks (June 22 to July 7).

June 18 - Napoleon at Waterloo.

July - September

• July 8 - Louis XVIII returns to Paris, and is 'restored' as King of France (he had declared himself king on June 8, 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-old Louis XVII, and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England).
• July 17 - In France, Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort to British forces.
• September - Austria, Prussia and Russia sign a Holy Alliance to uphold the European status quo.
• September 23 - The Great September Gale of 1815 is the first hurricane to strike New England in 180 years.

October - December

• October 3 - The Chassigny Mars meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France.
• October 15 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
• October 21 - Humphry Davy patents the miner's safety lamp for use in coal mining.

Undated

• British missionaries arrive in New Zealand.
• In Britain, use of the pillory is limited to punishment for perjury.
• The second wave of Amish immigration to North America begins.
• First-class cricket begins.

Ongoing events

• Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Seventh Coalition/Hundred Days
• War of 1812 (1812-1815)
• Congress of Vienna (1814 - 1815)

Births

January - June

• January 11th - John A. Macdonald, First Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (d. 1891
• February 15 - Constantin von Tischendorf, German Biblical scholar (d. 1874)
• April 1 - Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (d. 1898)
• April 1 - Edward Clark, Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
• April 6 - Robert Volkmann, German composer (d. 1883)
• April 24 - Anthony Trollope, British author (d. 1882)
• May 27-Sir Henry Parkes, Father of Australian Federation (d. 1896)

July - December

• August 5 - Edward John Eyre, explorer (d. 1901)
• October 16 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
• October 23 - João Maurício Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889)
• October 31 - Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (d. 1897)
• November 2 - George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1864)
• December 10 - Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace, early English computer pioneer (d. 1852)
• November 12 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (d. 1902)
• December 21 - Thomas Couture, French painter (d. 1879)

See also Category: 1815 births.

Deaths

January - June

• January 8 - Edward Pakenham, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1778)
• January 16 - Emma, Lady Hamilton, English mistress of Horatio Nelson (b. 1765)
• February 24 - Robert Fulton, American inventor (b. 1765)
• February 26 - Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (b. 1737)
• March 4 - Frances Abington, English actress (b. 1737)
• March 5 - Franz Mesmer, German developer of hypnotism (b. 1734)
• April 21 - Joseph Winston, American patriot and Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1746)
• June 1 - Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (b. 1753)
• June 16 - Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick, German noble and general (killed in battle) (b. 1771)
• June 18 - Thomas Picton, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1758)
• June 18 - Claude-Etienne Michel, French general (killed in battle) (b. 1772
• June 18 - Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (killed in battle) (b. 1766)

July - December

• August 2 - Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French marshal (murdered) (b. 1763)
• August 6 - James A. Bayard (elder), U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. 1767)
• September 9 - John Singleton Copley, American painter (b. 1738)
• September 20 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (b. 1725)
• October 13 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)
• October 22 - Claude Lecourbe, French general (b. 1759)
• December 3 - John Carroll (priest), first American Roman Catholic Archbishop (b. 1735)
• December 7 - Michel Ney, French marshal (executed) (b. 1769)
• December 29 - Saartjie Baartman, sideshow performer

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1815

See also Category: 1815 deaths.